Development and External Validation of Nomogram to Identify Risk Factors for CHD in T2DM in the Population of Northwestern China.

Purpose: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in T2DM in the population of northwestern China. Patients and Methods: The records of 2357 T2DM patients who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from July 2021 to July 2022 were reviewed. After some data (n =239) were excluded, 2118 participants were included in the study and randomly divided into a training set (n =1483) and a validation set (n = 635) at a ratio of 3:1. Univariate and stepwise regression analysis was performed to screen risk factors and develop predictive models. The results of logistic regression are presented through a nomogram. The C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to verify the distinction, calibration, and clinical practicality of the model. Results: The stepwise logistic regression analysis suggested that independent factors in patients with T2DM combined with CHD were age, gender, hypertension (HTN), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and Uygur, which were associated with the occurrence of CHD. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination with a C-index of 0.771 (95% CI, 0.741, 0.800) in the training set and 0.785 (95% CI, 0.743, 0.828) in the validation set. The area under curve (AUC) of the ROC curves were 0.771 (95% CI, 0.741, 0.800) and 0.785 (95% CI, 0.743, 0.828) in the training and validation sets, respectively. The nomogram was well-calibrated. The DCA revealed that the nomogram was clinically valuable. Conclusion: A nomogram based on 7 clinical characteristics was developed to predict CHD in patients with T2DM.

[Trajectory modeling for estimating the trend of human papillomavirus infection status among men who have sex with men].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether trajectory model can be used to explore the trend of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status among HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS: HIV-negative MSM were recruited by using the "snowball" method from 1st September 2016 to 30th September 2017 in Urumqi. The subjects were followed-up every six months since enrollment. The cell samples in anal canal were collected and the 37-type HPV test kits were used for identification and classification of HPV infection at both baseline and follow-up visits. Taking the cumulative number of different types of HPV as the dependent variable and follow-up visits as the independent variable, the trajectory model was established for the study subjects who completed baseline, 6 months and 12 months follow-up. The model was used to simulate the trend of HPV infection status when the subjects were divided into 1, 2, 3 and 4 subgroups. Bayesian information criterion (BIC), log Bayes factor and average posterior probability (AvePP) were used to evaluate the fitting effect. RESULTS: A total of 400 HIV-negative MSM were recruited at baseline and 187 subjects completed baseline and two follow-ups. The fitting effect attained best when the variation trend was divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup accounted for 54.5%(102/187) of the total, and the curve of change in HPV infection was decreasing; the second subgroup accounted for 45.5%(85/187) of the total, and the curve of change in HPV infection was increasing. CONCLUSIONS: Trajectory model can effectively distinguish the trend of HPV infection status in HIV-negative MSM to identify the high-risk group of HPV infection.

Serum ARCHITECT PIVKA-II reference interval in healthy Chinese adults: Sub-analysis from a prospective multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) has been widely used as a biomarker for liver cancer diagnosis in Japan for decades. However, the reference intervals for serum ARCHITECT PIVKA-II have not been established in the Chinese population. Thus, this study aimed to measure serum PIVKA-II levels in healthy Chinese subjects. METHODS: This is a sub-analysis from the prospective, cross-sectional and multicenter study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03047603). A total of 892 healthy participants (777 Han and 115 Uygur) with complete health checkup results were recruited from 7 regional centers in China. Serum PIVKA-II level was measured by ARCHITECT immunoassay. All 95% reference ranges were estimated by nonparametric method. RESULTS: The distribution of PIVKA-II values showed significant difference with ethnicity and sex, but not age. The 95% reference range of PIVKA-II was 13.62-40.38 mAU/ml in Han Chinese subjects and 15.16-53.74 mAU/ml in Uygur subjects. PIVKA-II level was significantly higher in males than in females (P < 0.001). The 95% reference range of PIVKA-II was 15.39-42.01 mAU/ml in Han males while 11.96-39.13 mAU/ml in Han females. CONCLUSIONS: The reference interval of serum PIVKA-II on the Architect platform was established in healthy Chinese adults. This will be valuable for future clinical and laboratory studies performed using the Architect analyzer. Different ethnic backgrounds and analytical methods underline the need for redefining the reference interval of analytes such as PIVKA-II, in central laboratories in different countries.

Serum Tumor Marker Carbohydrate Antigen 125 Levels and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the correlation between serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: We collected 518 CAD patients from the cardiovascular disease center in our hospital, and all cIMT values were measured in patients with CAD. RESULTS: The serum CA125 concentrations were found to be increased in CAD patients with early carotid atherosclerosis compared with patients without early carotid atherosclerosis (20.1±7.72 vs. 17.7±6.41 U/mL, p<0.001). The cIMT values were increased in patients with higher serum CA-125 levels than those with lower serum CA-125 concentrations (1.16±0.32 vs. 0.98±0.29 mm, p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between serum CA125 and cIMT in CAD patients (r=0.262, p<0.001). Moreover, the serum CA125 concentrations also were positively correlated with cIMT in subjects with early carotid atherosclerosis and without early carotid atherosclerosis (r=0.255, p<0.001; r=0.189, p=0.002). We found that serum CA-125 concentrations were independently correlated with cIMT (beta = 0.293, p<0.001) in multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We found that serum CA125 concentrations were positively correlated with cIMT in CAD patients, serum CA125 might be a potential biochemical marker for the estimation of atherosclerosis in patients with CAD.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)-2518 A/G polymorphism and lupus nephritis risk: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays an important role in the development of allergic inflammatory reactions by recruiting various immune cells, which is associated with many autoimmune diseases, but the association with the MCP-1-2518A/G gene polymorphism and lupus nephritis (LN) was still controversial in previous studies. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise evaluation of the association between MCP-1 -2518A/G polymorphism and LN risk and evaluated influence of ethnicity and source of controls. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis that will be performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Relevant literatures dated to September 2016 were acquired from the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochran Library databases. A total of 961 LN cases and 1867 controls were extracted from 10 published case-control studies. We used odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess the risk of LN with MCP-1-2518A/G. RESULTS: Our meta-analysis suggested that MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism was associated with the risk of LN (GG vs AG+AA: P < .01, OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.13-1.79 and A vs G P = .02, OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.58-0.95). Then the subgroup analysis showed MCP-1 -2518 A/G gene has a certain correlation with LN susceptibility in the American population (GG vs AA: P < .01, OR = 5.70, 95% CI: 2.09-15.50, GG vs AG+AA: P < .01, OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.97-5.54, GG+AG vs AA: P < .01, OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.14-7.18, and A vs G: P < .01, OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.24-0.79), while no significant risk in Europeans and Asians. CONCLUSION: The current meta-analysis suggests that the MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of LN, especially in the American population. However, better-designed studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate the results.